Jewelry identification elements
There are more than two kinds of gemstones discovered in the world. It is not easy to master the characteristics of so many minerals faster. Fortunately, the total number of important jewels in nature or the number of jewels in the jewelry market is twenty. Five or so. Therefore, beginners only need to remember the identification characteristics of these twenty-five kinds of gem minerals and their differences, they can be qualified for identification work.
When the discriminator gets an unknown piece of jewelry in his hand, as long as he carefully observes the following identification steps, he can narrow down the range of some minerals and finally get a correct mineral name.
Transparency and color
(1) Transparency and color
In order to gradually narrow down the list of minerals that may be suspected by the appraisers, in the above twenty-five kinds of minerals, they are divided into two categories according to transparency: transparent and opaque; Colorless, red---pink, blue----purple, green, yellow, brown---orange and other major colors. Identification can be based on the transparency and color of the unknown mine or finished product, check the corresponding identification table. For example, there are two types of opaque jewels with different shades of green and dark, almost certainly one of malachite, dyed agate, dyed striped marble, green mineral, glass or plastic. Therefore, for the appraiser, the transparency and color of the unknown jewelry is of special importance. It should be noted that a magnifying glass and a condensing pen-shaped flashlight are indispensable for visual inspection.
Refractive index
(2) Refractive index
This is the second step of the observation. The purpose is to reduce the number of suspected minerals after estimating the refractive index range of the tested jewels. The appraiser can roughly estimate the refractive index range of the mineral from the gloss, and the gloss is strongly refractive. The rate will be higher. Jewels with diamond luster have a refractive index that exceeds the highest range of the refractometer scale (1.80), while those with a glossy finish have a refractive index between 1.8 and 1.5. The homogeneity of gloss can quickly help the evaluator classify unknown jewels by refractive index or gloss, as compared to jewels of known refractive index.
Jewelry with waxy, oily luster, the polished surface is generally poor, and the silky luster indicates that there may be many true inclusions.
Color brightness
(three) color brightness
There are bright and dim differences in the color of the jewelry. For the purpose of identification, the bright, medium and dark colors are artificially divided according to the color brightness. For example, gemstones that appear bright green are only emeralds, emeralds, garnets; dyed or combined gems with substrates. When the flat top of the transparent flat gemstone is turned down against the white paper, if a red ring appears on the waist of the gemstone, a double assembly with a garnet as the top is suggested. A red flash of bright sapphire from dark tones can be thought of as a variant of synthetic spinel or zoisite.
(4) Dispersion
The purpose of this observation step is to observe some jewels and substitutes such as diamonds, zircons, vermiculite, garnet, rutile, synthetic rutile, and strontium ore (titanic acid) that are highly visible (glare, glitter) with the naked eye.è…®) and some kind of glass are distinguished from other jewels.
(5) Cleavage
Only diamonds, topaz, spodumene and feldspar are clearly cleavable.
(6) Proportion
Beginners should practice the proportion of handcuffs frequently by comparing minerals of known specific gravity with unknown jewels and minerals to derive a basis for estimating the specific gravity. If necessary, put it in the appropriate specific gravity liquid.
(7) Double shadow
With the naked eye or low magnification magnifying glass, you can see the gemstones corresponding to the facets (edges) with double shadows (edges). The strong double-shadow properties are: vermiculite, zircon, olivine, tourmaline, synthetic rutile.
(eight) hardness
If the finished gemstone has a rounded edge and a polished difference, the hardness is low. However, synthetic corundum and some other inexpensive materials, if the polishing speed is too fast, can cause sub-grade polishing quality, and the "hot" in the re-polishing process is also characteristic.
(9) Polychromaticity
When turning the gemstone, it can be seen with the naked eye that the polychromatic stones are spodumene, andalusite, tourmaline, zircon, ruby, sapphire, and stone. Among the rare gemstones are columnar, cordierite, zoisite, and epidote.
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